Health, safety & Environmental (Hse) management In Engineering institution
Components Of Hse Management
Health, security and Environmental supervision should be part of the engineering profession in a country for the purpose of
o duty of care
o economic reasons and
o legal reasons.
Health, safety & Environmental (Hse) management In Engineering institution
Hse supervision should therefore think five broad phases:
* Specifications
* Design and implementation
* Installation and commissioning
* Operation and maintenance
* Changes after commissioning.
* Compliance with the standards requires four valuable elements:
* Identification of security functions required for the safe shutdown
* Assignment of a security integrity level (Sil) for each security function
* Use of the security lifecycle for the engineering develop and
* Verification of the Sil achieved for each security function.
3.0 Engineering Code Of Practice
The engineering code of convention takes into consideration the following:
* Public safety: Giving priority to the security and well-being of the society and having regard to this principle in assessing obligations to the clients, employers and colleagues.
* Risk Management: Taking cheap steps to minimize the risk of loss of lives, injuries or suffering.
* Workplace and construction site: Minimizing possible dangers complex in the construction and develop of engineering products and processes.
* Public/Community well-being
* Communication
* Conflicts of interest
* Confidentiality
The privilege of practicing engineering is entrusted to those great and who have the accountability for applying engineering skills, scientific knowledge and ingenuity for the advancement of human welfare and capability of life. Fundamental ideas of show the way of engineers consist of truth, honesty and trustworthiness in their aid to the society, honourable and ethical convention showing fairness, courtesy and good faith towards clients, colleagues and others. Engineers take societal, cultural, economic, environmental and security aspects into consideration and strive for the effective use of the world's resources to meet long term human needs.
4.0 Safe Engineering Designs
Safety is a concern in virtually all engineering develop processes. Engineers should understand security in the context of engineering develop and what it means to say that a develop is safe against human injuries.
Current develop methods prioritize economic considerations over environmental ones. In some cases, economic considerations also serve environmental goals. For instance, the minimization of materials used in a buildings means resources are saved. If they are saved at the price of the length of the operating life of a product, then, economic considerations conflict with environmental interests which quiz, that products be made as durable as possible because of the need to minimize reserved supply usage and waste generation in the long term.
Safety is the antonym of risk. So, a develop is safe to the extent that it reduces risk. Safe develop aims at minimizing risk in the suitable sense of this term.
A safe develop is the mixture of all those procedures and ideas that are used by engineers to make designed objects safe against accidents prominent to human death or injuries, long term condition effects, damage to the environment or malfunctioning in general.
Several develop strategies used to perform security in operations of potentially hazardous technology are:
* inherently safe design
* safety factors
* negative feedback (self-shutdown) and
* multiple independent security barriers.
Probabilistic Risk appraisal (Pra) is the most coarse method of assessing security but safe designs are used to cut risks in the suitable (probabilistic) sense but is inadequate. Safe develop strategies are used to cut estimated probabilities of injuries or reducing uncertainties not only risks. They are used to cope with hazards and eventualities that cannot be assigned meaningful probabilities.
5.0 Design ideas In Engineering
There are four (4) main develop ideas in Engineering practice.
(a) Inherently safe design:
This minimizes the possible dangers in the process as far as possible. possible hazards are excluded rather than enclosed or coped with. For instance, hazardous substances are supplanted by less hazardous ones and fire proof materials are used rather than inflammable ones.
(b) Safety Factors
Construction should be strong sufficient to resist load and disturbances exceeding those that are intended. A coarse way to collect such security reserves is to hire explicitly chosen numerical security factors are employed. If a security factor of two (2) is employed when construction a bridge, then the bridge is calculated to resist twice the maximal load to which it will be exposed to in practice.
(c) Negative feedback mechanisms
This is introduced to perform a self-shutdown in case of gismo failure or when the operator looses control. Examples are security valves that let out steam when the pressure is too high in a steam boiler and the dead man's hole that stops the train when the driver falls asleep. One of the most prominent security measures in the nuclear commerce is to ensure that reactors close down automatically in valuable situations.
(d) Multiple Independent security Barriers
Safety barriers are arranged in chains, so that each barricade is independent of its predecessors (if the first fails, the second is still intact). The first barriers forestall accidents; the second barriers limit the consequences of an accident and rescue services as the last resort.
Safety factors and multiple security barriers deal with uncertainties as well as risks. But currently, Probabilistic Risk determination (Pra) is used but does not deal with uncertainties. Probabilistic calculations can keep but will not supplant the Engineers' ethically responsible judgment (environment, condition and security culture).
Safety engineering ideas also consist of schooling of operators, maintenance of tool and installations and incidence reporting are examples of security practices of general importance.
6.0 Health, security & Environmental supervision In Engineering Practice
The Engineering profession is imaginable to be the harbinger of Health, security & Environmental supervision by virtue of the complexity of the output of the profession and their impacts on the lives of the general populace. How have we carried this along in our expert practices?
Seven (7) bad engineering practices have been identified:
* Believing that if something is not specifically stated, either "shall do" or "shall not do" in the standards, an engineer does not need to worry about it.
* Thinking that meeting the minimum requirements means the process is safe and complies with the standard.
* Ignoring the significance of good engineering practice.
* Designing systems that meet economic requirements but not security security requirements.
* Neglecting human factors (errors in calculations etc)
* Focusing on capital cost and not on lifecycle costs.
* Focusing only on the security integrity level (Sil) and not on prevention.
Safety is an valuable ethical requirement in engineering practice. Strategies for safe develop are used not only to cut estimated probabilities of injuries but also to cope with hazards and eventualities that cannot be assigned meaningful probabilities. Designers have an ethical accountability to make constructions that are safe for future use. security is involved with avoiding determined classes of events that are morally right to avoid.
In engineering design, security consideration always includes security against unintended human death or injuries that occur as a ensue of the unintended use of the designed object for:
* Prevention of damage to the environment
* Prevention of long term condition effects
For example, if a bridge collapses, the engineers who designed it are held responsible.
Building designers and builders must obey construction security in the use of Scaffolds, tool nets, tool boxes, mechanical lifts and manual lifts under safe procedures, use of personal protective equipments (Ppes) on sites (boots/helmets), clear passages and road-ways, construction tapes to cordon off work areas etc. Most engineers have neglected this aspect, thus, playing with the lives of the generality of the populace.
What engineers do have chronic influences on security and define our level of Environment, condition and security culture.
7.0 Ethical Obligations In Engineering Practice
Ethical obligations are valuable in order for engineers to carry out their profession. Without the enforcement of confidentiality, clients could not trust engineers with commercially sensitive information. Without these information, engineers could not do their jobs. The moral obligations of our profession can be understood as duties which are necessary.
There are five (5) Fundamental values valuable for the ethical obligations:
* Protection of lives and safeguarding of people.
* Professionalism, integrity and competence
* Commitment to community/public well-being
* Sustainable supervision and care for the environment
* Sustaining engineering knowledge
8.0 Engineering convention Requirements
* Engineers shall hold famed the Health, security and Environment/welfare of the public in the convention of their profession.
* Engineers shall convention only in their areas or field of competence, in a truthful and diligent manner and in conformance with standards, laws, codes, rules and regulations applicable to engineering practice.
* Engineers shall observe the societal and environmental impact of their actions and projects, together with the use and conservation of resources and vigor in order to make informed recommendations and decisions..
* Engineers should avow their interests clearly.
* Engineers shall sign and take accountability for all engineering works which they prepared or directly supervised. Engineers may sign works prepared by others only with their consent and after sufficient divulge and verification.
* Engineers shall act as truthful agents for their employers or clients and avow confidentiality, avoid conflicts of interest whenever possible and disclose determined conflicts.
* Engineers expert concerns must be made known to the client and the consequences of engineering decisions or judgments.
* Engineers should reject any public works, engineering decisions or convention that endanger the Hse of the public.
* Engineers shall commit to life-long learning, strive to advance the body of engineering knowledge and should encourage other engineers to do likewise.
* Engineers shall promote responsibility, commitment and ethics both in the schooling and convention phases of engineering. They should improve society's awareness of engineer's responsibilities to the public and encourage the transportation of these ideas of ethical show the way among engineers.
9.0 Hse Sustainability supervision
This is about the long term survival of humanity. It recognizes that decisions made today must enable both those in the present as well as population of the foreseeable future to make effective choices about their capability of life.
Failure to identify risks to security and the inability to address or operate these risks can ensue in heavy costs, both human and economic. The multidisciplinary nature of security engineering means that a very broad array of professionals are actively complex in accident stoppage or security engineering.
A valuable fault endangers or few people. A catastrophic fault endangers, harms or kills a valuable whole of people. Engineer's errors or inability to combine the Hse supervision in his convention spells catastrophic.
10.0 The Way Forward
Everyone must advance his or her insight of Hse awareness by manufacture security a priority. Also, cost effective solutions in order to gain the biggest return on venture should be developed.
Engineers take early develop of a system, analyze it to find what faults can occur and then recommend security requirements in develop specifications upfront and changes to existing systems to make the ideas safer.
If valuable security problems are discovered late in the develop process, correcting them can e very expensive. This type of error has the possible to waste large sums of money.
* At all times, take all cheap care to ensure that your work and the consequences of your work cause no unacceptable risk to safety.
* Take all cheap steps to make your management/client and those to whom they have a duty of care aware of the risks you identify.
* Make anyone overruling or neglecting your expert advice formally aware of the ensue risks.
* It is valuable for engineers to avow a deep and broad insight of the many technical and expert convention issues that they will inevitably encounter in their role as employees of public owners. This is achieved straight through suitable education, training, experience, license, expert engineering convention and chronic expert development.
11.0 Conclusion
The engineering convention like the construction commerce is the agent of public and economic development, the barometer of economic activities and a very large owner of labour in Nigeria. It accounts for over 60% of the total capital investment. It is the largest owner of labour (think of all the electrical, mechanical, civil, chemical and computer jobs in industries).
Health, security and environment, which is involved with life and asset must be taken serious in this profession. security procedures are valuable to forestall accidents, diseases and harmful effects on the condition of the public at large arising from the activities in the commerce on site and its environs or off site.
Good Hse supervision is descriptive in a country straight through the capability of the expert ethics of the professionals, engineers inclusive and the level of her condition values and the state of her environment, that is, her level of cleanliness (personal hygiene and public sanitation).
It can only be industrialized straight through personal commitment, willingness and self-sacrifice because of the long and short run benefits therein. Hse supervision habit starts with security consciousness. security consciousness dwells with each and every one of us and should be taken along to our expert practices.
People should identify that their condition and well-being are linked to the capability of their environment and should apply thoughtful ideas to attempt to improve the capability of their environment.
As Engineers, we should lead others in being security conscious at all times and refraining from doing anyone that may ensue to accident. We should apply security measures to all our daily activities and take our security and that of others around us as our responsibilities especially in our practices.
Finally, as Engineers we should pursue sustainable Health, security & environmental supervision and make it part and parcel of our engineering convention today for the continued relevance of our profession tomorrow. It is only when this is done that our expert ethics will be meaningful knowing fully well that the products of our expert practices have great impact on the lives of the entire citizens of this country.
Health, security & Environmental supervision habit is therefore not only valuable and but remains a vital ingredient of our expert ethics in engineering convention in Nigeria and elsewhere and this must be sustained always by all.
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